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An embedded software printer David Simon

An embedded software printer David Simon

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Contents
Preface 11 Acknowledgments 13
 
About This Book and the Accompanying CD-ROM 15
 
A First Look at Embedded Systems 21
 
1.1 Examples of Embedded Systems 21
 
1.2 Typical Hardware 28 Chapter Summary 30
 
Hardware Fundamentals for die Software Engineer 33
2.1 Terminology 33 i
2.2 Gates 36
2.3 A Few Other Basic Considerations
2.4 Timing Diagrams 48
2.5 Memory 53 ■
Chapter Summary 60
Problems 61
 
Advanced Hardware Fundamentals 65
 
3.1 Microprocessors 65
 
3.2 Buses 67
 
3.3 Direct Memory Access 77
 
3.4 Interrupts 81
 
3.5 Other Common Parts
3 Contents
 
3.6 Built-Ins on the Microprocessor 92
 
3.7 Conventions Used on Schematics 95
 
3.8 A Sample Schematic 95
 
3.9 A Last Word about Hardware 97
 
Chapter Summary 98 Problems 99
 
4 Interrupts 101
 
4.1 Microprocessor Architecture 101
 
4.2 Interrupt Basics 105
 
4.3 The Shared-Data Problem 112
 
4.4 Interrupt Latency 123
 
Chapter Summary 131
 
Problems 132
 
5 Survey of Software Architectures 135
 
5.1 Round-Robin 135
 
5.2 Round-Robin with Interrupts 139
 
5.3 Function-Queue-Scheduling Architecture 147
 
5.4 Real-Time Operating System Architecture 149
 
5.5 Selecting an Architecture 152
 
Chapter Summary 153
 
Problems 154
 
6 Introduction to Real-Time Operating Systems 157
 
6.1 Tasks and Task States 159
 
6.2 Tasks and Data 164
 
6.3 Semaphores and Shared Data 173
 
Chapter Summary" 188
 
Problems 189
7 More Operating System Services
 
7.1 Message Queues, Mailboxes, and Pipes 193
 
7.2 Timer Functions 204 7.3. Events 211
 
7.4 Memory Management 215
 
7.5 Interrupt Routines in an RTOS Environment 219
 
Chapter Summary 226
 
Problems 227
 
8 Basic Design Using a Real-Time Operating System 235
 
8.1 Overview 235
 
8.2 Principles 237
 
8.3 An Example 253
 
8.4 Encapsulating Semaphores and Queues 264
 
8.5 Hard Real-Time Scheduling Considerations 273
 
8.6 Saving Memory Space 274
 
8.7 Saving Power 277
 
Chapter Summary" 279
 
Problems 280
 
9 Embedded Software Development Tools
 
9.1 Host and Target Machines 281
 
9.2 Linker/Locators for Embedded Software 283
 
9.3 Getting Embedded Software into the Target System
 
Chapter Summary' 300
 
10 Debugging Techniques 303
 
10.1 Testing on Your Host Machine 304
 
10.2 Instruction Set Simulators 322
 
10.3 The assert Macro 324
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