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Assessing Neuromotor Readiness for Learning

Сумата се прибавя директно в кошницата

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Описание

Contents

Acknowledgements ix

l Introduction i

1.1 Overview l

1.2 Rationale for Screening and Remediation of

Neuromotor Immaturity 2

1.3 What is INPP? 2

1.4 The INPP Developmental Movement Programme for Schools 3

1.5 What is Neuromotor Immaturity? 4

1.6 What is the Significance of Primitive Reflexes to Education? 4

1.7 What are Primitive Reflexes? 5

1.8 What is the Significance of Neuromotor Maturity

to Education? 5

1.9 What is the Purpose of Developmental Screening Tests? 7

i.io Why Assess Posture and Balance? 7

i.n Why Carry Out Assessments for Balance? 8

1.12 What is the Difference Between Static Balance

and Dynamic Balance? 8

1.13 What is the Significance of Postural Control to Learning? 9

1.14 Primitive Reflexes: Why Have These Three Reflexes

Been Selected for Evaluation? 9

1.14.1 The Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) 9

1.14.2 The Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR) 10

1.14.3 The Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR) 12

1.15 What Evidence is There Linking Balance, Posture

and Reflexes to Educational Achievement? 12

1.16 What Evidence is There That Intervention in the Form of Movement Programmes Aimed at the Level of

Primitive Reflexes Improves Educational Outcomes? 15

1.17 How to Use The Screening Tests 16

References 16

2 Developmental Screening Tests for Use with Children

Aged 4-7 Years 20

2.1 General instructions 20

2.1.1 Scoring 20

2.1.2 Tests 21

2.2 Neuromotor tests 21

2.2.1 The Romberg Test 21

2.2.2 One Leg Stand 22

2.2.3 The Crawling on Hands and Knees Test 24

2.2.4 Crossing the Midline, Test No. i 25

2.2.5 Crossing the Midline, Test No. 2 26

2.2.6 Finger and Thumb Opposition Test 27

2.3 Tests for Primitive Reflexes 29

2.3.1 Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) 29

2.3.2 The Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR) 31

2.3.3 Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR) - Erect Test 32

2.4 Tests for Visual Perception and Visual-Motor Integration 33

2.4.1 Pencil and Paper Tasks 34

2.4.2 Additional Measures 37

2.5 Score Sheets for 4-7 Year Old Test 38

2.6 Observation Sheets 39

2.7 Interpreting the Scores 40

2.7.1 Tests for Gross Muscle Coordination, Balance

and Reflexes 40

2.7.2 Tests for Visual Perception and Visual-Motor

Integration 40

References 40

3 Developmental Screening Tests for Use with Children

from 7 Years of Age 42

3.1 General Instructions 42

3.1.1 Scoring 42

3.1.2 The Tests 43

3.2 Tests for Gross Muscle Coordination and Balance 43

3.2.1 Tandem Walk 43

3.2.2 Walking on the Outsides of the Feet (Fog Test) 45

3.3 Tests for Aberrant Primitive Reflexes 46

3.3.1 The Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) 46

3.3.2 Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR) 49

3.3.3 The Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR) 51

3.4 Tests for Oculomotor Functioning 52

3.4.1 Test for Fixation, Convergence and Control

of Saccades (Valett) 53

3.4.2 Test for Visual Integration 53

3.5 Tests for Visual-Auditory-Speech Recognition 54

З-5-i Sound Discrimination (Individual Sounds,

Sound Blends and Syllables) 54

3.5.2 Sound Synthesis 54

3.6 Tests for Visual Perception and Visual-Motor Integration 55

3.6.1 Visual Perception 56

3.6.2 Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) 56

3.6.3 Spatial Difficulties 58

3.6.4 The Tansley Standard Visual Figures Test 3.6.5 Figures Based on The Bender Visual Motor 58

Gestalt Test 58

3.6.6 Scoring the Visual-Perceptual Tests 6i

3.6.7 Additional Measures 63

3-7 Score Sheets (7+ Test) 64

3.8 Observation Sheets (7+ Test) 65

3-9 How to Interpret The Scores 3.9.1 Tests for Gross Muscle Coordination, Balance 66

and Reflexes 3.9.2 Tests for Visual Perception and Visual-Motor 66

Integration 67

3.9.3 Tests for Auditory-Speech Recognition 67

References 67

The INPP Developmental Movement Programme 69

4.1 How tc ) use the INPP Developmental Movement Programme 69

4.1.1 Developmental Movements 70

4.1.2 Why Use a Movement Programme to Improve

Educational Performance? 70

4-1-3 Instructions for Use of the Exercises 71

4.1.4 Guidelines for Schedule for Exercises 71

4-2 The Developmental Movement Programme 72

4.2.1 Introduction 72

4.2.2 Windmills 72

4.2.3 Caterpillar 73

4.2.4 The Curious Caterpillar 74

4.2.5 The Sea Anemone 74

4.2.6 The Octopus (Part 1) 75

4.2.7 The Agitated Caterpillar 75

4.2.8 The Parachute 76

4.2.9 The Octopus (Part 2) 76

4.2.10 The Head Lift 78

4.2.11 The Fish 78

4.2.12 The Lizard 79

4.2.13 Hand to Foot 79

4.2.14 Hand to Knee 80

4.2.15 The Hinge 80

4.2.17 Lower Body Rotation

4.2.18 Upper Body Rotation

4.2.19 The Tadpole Who Turns into a Frog

4.2.20 The Drunken Frog

4.2.21 The Alligator

4.2.22 The Commando Crawl

4.2.23 The Cat

4.2.24 Three-Point Crawling on Hands and Knees

4.2.25 Cross-Pattern Crawling on Hands and Knees

4.3 Additional Optional Exercises for Integration of Left and Right

4.3.1 Differentiated Angels in the Snow

4.3.2 Finger Exercises

4.4 Post Script References

Resources