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BRS Pediatrics (2005)

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Table of Contents

Part 1 General Concepts

1 Pediatric Health Supervision 3

Kathy L. Perkins

I. Well Child Care—General Concepts 3

II. Growth 4

III. Immunizations 9

IV. Well Child Screening 13

V. Circumcision 16

VI. Pediatric Dental Care 17

VII. Developmental Screening 19

VIII. Anticipatory Guidance 19 Review Test 23

2 Behavioral and Developmental Pediatrics 29

Elizabeth Mumper and Peter Blasco

I. Normal Developmental Milestones 29

II. Disorders of Development 35

III. Dysfunctions of Attention (Attention De fi cit/Hyperactivity

Disorder, ADHD) 39

IV. Specifi c Sensory Impairments 41

V. Common Behavioral Concerns 43

Review Test 50

3 Adolescent Medicine 55

Lloyd J . Brown

I. Adolescent Growth and Development 55

II. Adolescent Health Screening 60

III. Depression and Suicide 62

IV. Substance Abuse 64

V. Obesity and Eating Disorders 65

VI. Female Reproductive Health Issues 67

VII. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) 69

VIII. Menstrual Disorders 75

IX. Reproductive Health Issues in Males 79 Review Test 82

Part 2 Specific Problems

4 Neonatology 89

Marta Rogido, Augusto Sola, and Lee Todd Miller

I. Evaluation of the Newborn 89

II. Abnormalities of Maturity 94

III. Growth Abnormalities 95

IV. Cyanosis 96

V. Respiratory Distress 97

VI. Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) 98

VII. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN) 100

VIII. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) 101

IX. Apnea of Prematurity 101

X. Neonatal Jaundice 102

XI. Infants of Drug-Abusing Mothers 105

XII. Surgical Conditions of the Newborn 106

XIII. Hypoglycemia 109

XIV. Infants of Diabetic Mothers (IDMs) 110

XV. Polycythemia 111

Review Test 112

5 Genetic Disorders and Inborn Errors

of Metabolism 119

Sharon L. Young

I. Inheritance Patterns 119

II. Fetal Evaluation and Prenatal Diagnosis 121

III. Common Genetic Disorders 121

IV. Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) 130

V. Defects in Amino Acid Metabolism 133

VI. Defects in Carbohydrate Metabolism 135

VII. Fatty Acid Oxidation Defects 136

VIII. Mitochondrial Disorders 137

IX. Lysosomal Storage Diseases 137

X. Defects in Heme Pigment Biosynthesis (Porphyrias) 138

XI. Disorders of Metal Metabolism 139 Review Test 140

6 Endocrinology 147

Ronald A. Nagel and Lee Todd Miller

I. Short Stature 147

II. Disorders of Puberty 152

III. Ambiguous Genitalia 156

IV. Disorders of the Adrenal Gland 160

V. Diabetes Mellitus 163

VI. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 DM) 163

VII. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 DM) 165

Vili. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) 166

IX. Thyroid Disorders 167

X. Bone Mineral Disorders 170

XI. Diabetes Insipidus (DI) 173

XII. Hypoglycemia 174 Review Test 176

7 Infectious Diseases 181

Deborah Lehman, Srinath Sanda, and Nirali P. Singh

I. General Approach to the Child with Possible Infection 181

II. Evaluation of the Child with Fever 182

III. Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) 184

IV. Meningitis 186

V. Upper Respiratory Infections 190

VI. Middle and Lower Respiratory Infections 194

VII. Cervical Lymphadenitis 194

VIII. Parotitis 195

IX. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections 196

X. Bone and Joint Infections 199

XI. Diarrhea 199

XII. Urinary Tract Infections 202

XIII. Specific Viral Infections 202

XIV. Specifi c Fungal Infections 208

XV. Specifi c Parasitic Infections 209

XVI. Specific Helminth Infections 212

XVII. Miscellaneous Infections 214 Review Test 218

8 Cardiology 225

David A. Ferry and David Seung Chun

I. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) 225

II. Innocent Cardiac Murmurs 226

III. Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease 227

IV. Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease 236

V. Acquired Heart Disease 243

VI. Dysrhythmias 249

VII. Chest Pain 251 Review Test 253

9 Pulmonology 259

Lauren J. Witcoff

I. Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System 259

II. Clinical Assessment of Pulmonary Disease 260

III. Infectious Disorders of the Respiratory Tract 261

IV. Noninfectious Disorders of the Respiratory Tract 268 Review Test 277

10 Gastroenterology 283

Tiffany Merrill Becker, Frederick D. Watanabe, and Lloyd J. Brown

I. Nutrition 283

II. Malabsorption 284

III. Gastroesophageal Reflux 288

IV. Intestinal Anatomic Obstructions That Result in Vomiting 290

V. Acute Abdominal Pain 294

VI. Chronic Abdominal Pain 298

VII. Constipation and Encopresis 300

VIII. Diarrhea 302

IX. In fl ammatory Bowel Disease 302

X. Gastrointestinal Bleeding 305

XI. Liver Abnormalities and Hepatitis 308 Review Test 318

11 Nephrology and Urology 325

E lain e S. Kam il an d Lee Todd Miller

I. Fluids, Electrolytes, and Dehydration 325

II. Hematuria 327

III. Proteinuria 328

IV. Glomerulonephritis 330

V. Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) 334

VI. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) 336

VII. Hereditary Renal Diseases 337

VIII. Hypertension 339

IX. Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 342

X. Renal Failure 344

XI. Structural and Urologic Abnormalities 347

XII. Urolithiasis 348

XIII. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) 350 Review Test 353

12 Neurology 361

Charles E. Niesen

I. The Hypotonic Infant 361

II. Hydrocephalus 365

III. Spina Bifida 366

IV. Approach to the Comatose Patient 368

V. Seizure Disorders of Childhood 371

VI. Headaches in Childhood 376

VII. Approach to Unsteady Gait 379

VIII. Movement Disorders 381

IX. Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies (DMD, BMD) 383

X. Myasthenia Gravis 3 85 Review Test 387

13 Hematology

Annette B. Salinger and Lloyd J. Brown

I. Anemia 393

II. Pancytopenia 404

III. Polycythemias 406

IV. Disorders of Hemostasis 407

V. Neutropenia 415

Review Test 417

14 Oncology

Carole Hurvitz, Liliana Sloninsky, Margaret Sanford, and Lloyd J . Brown

I. General Considerations 423

II. Leukemias 424

III. Lymphomas 429

IV. Brain Tumors 431

V. Renal and Suprarenal Tumors 433

VI. Soft Tissue Tumors 436

VII. Bone Tumors 437

VIII. Liver Tumors 439

IX. Retinoblastoma 439

X. Germ Cell Tumors 439

XI. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) 440 Review Test 442

15 Allergy and Immunology

Elizabeth A. Mumper and Frank T. Saulsbury

I. Anaphylaxis 447

II. Allergic Rhinitis 447

III. Atopic Dermatitis 450

IV. Food Allergy 451

V. Insect Venom Allergy 452

VI. Urticaria (Hives) 452

VII. Drug Allergy 453

VIII. Asthma 454

IX. Immunology Overview 454

X. Disorders of Lymphocytes 455

XI. Disorders of Granulocytes 459

XII. Disorders of the Complement System 461 Review Test 462

16 Rheumatology

Jerome K. Wang, Lee Todd Miller, and Frank T. Saulsbury

I. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura 467

II. Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome)

III. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) 471

IV. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) 474

V. Dermatomyositis 476

VI. Rheumatic Fever 478

VII. Lyme Disease 480

VIII. Other Rheumatologic Conditions of Childhood 482 Review Test 484

17 Orthopedics

Sharon L. Young

I. Upper Extremity 489

II. Spine 490

III. Hip 494

IV. Lower Extremity 500

V. Common Fractures 504

Review Test 510

18 Ophthalmology

Kenneth W. Wright and Robert K. Rhee

I. Ocular Examination and Vision Screening 515

II. Normal Visual Development and Amblyopia 515

III. Conjunctivitis and the Red Eye 517

IV. Abnormal Tearing 522

V. Ocular Trauma 523

VI. Congenital Glaucoma 524

VII. Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) 525

VIII. Leukocoria 526

IX. Strabismus 527 Review Test 528

19 Dermatology

Harry W. Saperstein and Lloyd J. Brown

I. General Concepts 533

II. Newborn Skin Diseases 535

III. Inflammatory Disorders 535

IV. Hypersensitivity Disorders 538

V. Infections of the Skin 538

VI. Pigmentary Disorders 545

VII. Disorders of the Hair 547

VIII. Acne Vulgaris 548 Review Test 549

20 Emergency Medicine

Calvin G. Lowe

I. Infant and Child Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CP R) 553

II. Shock 554

III. Trauma 556

IV. Burns 559

V. Near Drowning 561

VI. Child Abuse 562

VII. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) 565

VIII. Poisonings 566

IX. Mammalian Bites 574

X. Biologic Poisonings (Venoms) 575 Review Test 578

Comprehensive Examination 583

Index 613