Business Vocabulary in Use Cambridge University Press

INTRODUCTION

JOBS, PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS
8
8
Problems at work
A Health and safety B Bullying and harassment C Discrimination
24
1
Work and jobs
10
9
Managers, executives and directors
26
A What do you do?

B Word combinations with ‘work’ C Types of job and types of work
2
Ways of working
12
A Managers and executives: UK B Managers and executives: US
10
Businesspeople and business leaders
28
A Old and new ways B Nice work if you can get it C Nature of work
Recruitment and selection
14
A Businesspeople and entrepreneurs B Leaders and leadership C Magnates, moguls and tycoons
11
A Recruitment B Applying for a job C Selection procedures
88 Skills and qualifications

A Education and training B Skilled and unskilled C The right person
16
Organizations 1
30
A Business and businesses B Commerce C Enterprise

D Word combinations with ‘enterprise’
12
Organizations 2
32
5
Pay and benefits
18
A Wages, salary and benefits B Compensation 1 C Compensation 2
6
People and workplaces
20
A Self-employed people and partnerships B Limited liability C Mutuals

D Non-profit organizations
PRODUCTION
13
Manufacturing and services
34
A Employees and management B Management and administration C Labour

D Personnel and human resources
The career ladder
22
A Industry

B Manufacturing and services C Countries and their industries
14
The development process
36
A A job for life B A job for now C In-house staff or freelancers? D Losing your job
A Market research B Development and launch

15
Innovation and invention
38
22
Products and brands
52
A Innovation and invention B Research and technology C Patents and intellectual property
16
Making things
40
A Word combinations with ‘product’ B Goods

C Brands and branding
23
Price
54
A Products B Mass production C Capacity and output
17
Materials and suppliers
42
A Pricing

B Word combinations with ‘price’ C Upmarket and downmarket D Mass markets and niches
A Inputs

B Suppliers and outsourcing C Just-in-time
18
Business philosophies
44
24
Place
56
A Distribution: wholesalers, retailers and customers B Shops

C Direct marketing
A Total quality management B Continuous improvement C Benchmarking D Business process re-engineering
MARKETING
19
Buyers, sellers and the market
46
25
Promotion
58
A Advertising B The sales force C Promotional activities
26
The Internet and e-commerce
60
A Customers and clients B Buyers and sellers C The market

D Word combinations with ‘market’
20
Markets and competitors
48
A The Internet B Clicks-and-mortar C B2B, B2C and B2G
MONEY
27
Sales and costs
62
A Companies and markets B More word combinations with ‘market’ C Competitors and competition
21
Marketing and market orientation
50
A Sales 1 B Sales 2 C Costs

D Margins and mark-ups
28
A Marketing B The four Ps C Market orientation
Profitability and unprofitability
64
A Profitable and unprofitable products B Budgets and expenditure C Economies of scale and the learning curve

29
Getting paid
66
36
Financial centres
80
A Shipping and billing B Trade credit C Accounts
30
Assets, liabilities and the balance sheet
68
A Financial centres B Stock markets C Other financial markets D Derivatives
37
Trading
82
A Assets B Depreciation C Liabilities D Balance sheet
31
The bottom line
70
A Market indexes B Market activity: good times . C ... and bad times
38
Indicators 1
84
A Accounts B Results
32
Share capital and debt
72
A Finance and economics B Inflation and unemployment C Trade

D Growth and GDP
A Capital B Share capital C Loan capital D Security E Leverage
33
Success and failure
74
39
Indicators 2
A Going up B Going down C Peaks and troughs D Boom and bust
86
A Cash mountains and surpluses B Debt and debt problems C Turnarounds and bailouts D Bankruptcy
34
Mergers, takeovers and sell-offs
76
DOING THE RIGHT THING
40
Wrongdoing and corruption
A Wrongdoing B Bribery and corruption C Fraud and embezzlement
88
A Stakes and joint ventures B Mergers and takeovers C Conglomerates
FINANCE AND THE ECONOMY
35
Personal finance
78
41
Ethics
90
A Code of ethics B Ethical standards C Ethical investment
PERSONAL SKILLS
A Traditional banking B New ways of banking C Personal investing
42
Time and time management
92
A Timeframes and schedules B Projects and project management C Time tips

3
Stress and stress management
A When work is stimulating B When stimulation turns to stress C Downshifting
44
Leadership and management styles
96
50
Telephoning 3: messages
108
A Asking to speak to someone 2 B Giving and taking messages C Spelling names

D Taking messages: checking information
51
Telephoning 4: arrangements
110
A Leadership

B Modern management styles C Empowerment
CULTURE
45
Business across cultures 1
A Cultures and culture B Distance and familiarity
A Making arrangements B Closing the conversation C Changing arrangements
98
46
Business across cultures 2
100
52
Faxes
112
A Sending faxes B Fax layout C Receiving faxes
53
Emails
114
A Names B Business cards C Dress
47
Business across cultures 3
102
A Email

B Email expressions C Email abbreviations
BUSINESS SKILLS
A Entertainment and hospitality B Time

C Cross-cultural communication
TELEPHONE, FAX AND EMAIL
48
Telephoning 1: phones and numbers
104
54
Meetings 1 : types of meeting
A Word combinations with ‘meeting’ B Types of meeting C How was the meeting?
55
Meetings 2: the role of the chairperson
116
118
A Telephones and beyond B Phone, call and ring C Numbers

D Doing things over the phone
49
Telephoning 2: getting through
106
A Before the meeting B During the meeting C Follow-up
56
Meetings 3: points of view
120
A Phoning scenario B Asking to speak to someone 1 C Voicemail
A Opening the meeting B Inviting people to speak C Making your point