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Начало » Учебници втора ръка » Медицина английски » Clinical Examination in Internal Medicine
Clinical Examination in Internal Medicine

Clinical Examination in Internal Medicine

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Contents
Preface , 9
 
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ........... 11
 
Introduction,.. 1Ì
 
Hints for conducting the physical examination 12
 
Conducting the physical examination 13
 
GENERAL EXAMINATION .......14
 
MEASURING THE VITAL SIGNS 14
 
1. Weight ..14
 
2. Height,, !.. ,......,.,..,.„..,.,..14
 
3. Temperattire ■. 14
 
4. Pulse 15
 
5. Respirations         16
 
6. Blood pressure 16
 
EXAMINATION OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM ...17
 
EXAMINATION OF THE SKIN ...18
 
1. Temperature and moisture ,19
 
2. Turgor 19
 
3. Colour ..,,20
 
Pallor,.,,.,,. 20
 
Plethora,   20
 
Cyanosis ............21
 
Jaundice       22
 
Pigmentation         23
 
4. Localized skin lesions '.24
 
Flat circumscribed lesions 24
 
Raised circumscribed lesions..,. 25

 

Raised circumscribed fluid filled lesion ...25
 
5, Oedema. „.,„..,....,.26
 
Cardiac oedema ^g
 
Hypoproteinaemic oedema....,.,,.,,,.., 28
 
Hepatic oedema „„.29
 
Localized oedema...,., ,29
 
6, Nail disorders 30
 
EXAMINATION OF THE LYMPH NODES 31
 
REGIONAL EXAMINATION ............ ..33'
 
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE HEAD. 33
 
Size and shape of the1 head,... ,„.„„..„33
 
EXAMINATION OF THE EYES „„„,34
 
' The position of the eye globes and their movements 34
 
Assessment of eyelids and palpebral fissures „„„„„„35
 
Inspection of the pupils ,36
 
Pupillary reactions 36
 
Clinical abnormalities of die pupils. „.37
 
Inspection of the conjunctivas .........„„„38
 
The comeal reflex „38
 
EXAMINATION OF THE EARS 38
 
EXAMINATION OF THE NOSE 39
 
EXAMINATION OF THE MOUTH  40
 
Face 40
 
Lips „..40
 
Teeth „.„......40
 
Gums. „„„„.„„.„40
 
Buccal mucosa ,40
 
Tongue .41
 
Posterior oral cavity and oropharynx „„42
 
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE NECK „43
 
EXAMINATION OF THE THYROID GLAND „.„„„43

 

Ad 1, Cardiac rhythm.., ..-60
 
Ad 2. Heart sounds (first and second sound) , 60
 
Ad.3, Added heart sounds., .....61
 
Ad 4. Murmurs 63
 
Systolic murmurs ,..,63
 
Diastolic murmurs 66
 
Physical signs in valvular heart disease 66
 
Mitral valvular disease 67
 
Aortic valvular disease .,....,,,68
 
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMEN.,.,. 69
 
INSPECTION,., 70
 
Abnormal contours,,..,. ■■ .....71
 
Skin abnormalities 71
 
PERCUSSION 72
 
Shifting dullness (percussion to detect ascites) 73
 
PALPATION 73
 
Light palpation, 74
 
Deep palpation.. - 74
 
Pulsatile masses 75
 
AUSCULTATION - -76
 
Bowel sounds 76
 
Abdominal arterial bruits —— ........76
 
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF ABDOMINAL ORGANS 77
 
LIVER... - -77
 
Palpating for the liver.... - ..........77
 
Percussion........ —v-77
 
GALL BLADDER - ; -78
 
Palpating the gall bladder — -78
 
SPLEEN,,.,.. —.79
 
The surface markings of the spleen.,.,.. 79
 
Palpating for the spleen .„„„79
 
Percussion of the spleen. - „,..80
 
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