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Crime profiles

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Описание

Contents

Tables and Figures ix

Preface xi

„ Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Crime Types 1

Crime Typologies in Criminological Research 1

Legal-Based Typologies 2

Offender-Based Typologies 3

Victim-Based Typologies 4

Situational Context-Based Typologies 5

Multi-Trait Typologies 5

Major Dimensions Underlying Crime Types 6

The Offenders’Criminal Careers . 6

Offender Versatility 6

The Level of Crime Planning 7

Offender Motivation 7

Target-Selection Factors 7

The Current Approach 7

Sources of Crime Data 8

Uniform Crime Reports and Local Police Data 8

National Crime Victimization Surveys 9

Interviews With Offenders 9

Outline of Remaining Chapters .9

v/ Chapter 2: Theories of Criminality and Crime 11

Micro-Level Theories of Criminality 11

Biological Theories 11

Psychological Theories and the Personality of Criminals 12

Learning Theories 13

Control Theories 15

Theories of Group Differences in Aggregate Rates 16

Theories of Cross-National Differences in Crime Rates 16

Anomie Theory and the American Dream 16

Macro-Level Ecological Theories .17

Cultural and Subcultural Theories 17

Theories of Changing Crime Rates Over Time 18

Theories of Victimization and Crime Events 18

Summary ^

Chapter 3: Homicide and Aggravated Assault 21

Definitions of Crime Types 21

Trends Over Time and Social Correlates 21

Social Correlates of Homicide and Assault Rates 23

Offender Profile 24

Offense Specialization and Escalation 25

Planning and Spontaneity 26

I/Victim Profile 26

Situational Elements and Circumstances 27

The Motivation and Circumstances for Murder and Assault 27

The Victim-Offender Relationship -29

Situational Dynamics 20

Target-Selection Strategies 22

Homicide and Aggravated Assault Syndromes 23

Interpersonal Disputes 33

Instrumental Felony Offenses 24

Youth Group Offending 24

Chronic Violent Offenders 25

Politically Motivated Violence 26

Violence Prevention and Intervention Strategies . 37

The Criminal Justice Response 27

Social Welfare and Personal Betterment Programs 38

Opportunity-Reduction Strategies 39

Summary 40

Chapter 4: Sexual Assault 4i

Definitions of Crime Types 41

Trends Over Time and Social Correlates 42

Offender Profile 44

Offense Specialization and Escalation 45

Planning and Spontaneity 46

Victim Profile 46

Situational Elements and Circumstances 46

The Motivation for Sexual Assault 46.

The Victim-Offender Relationship 47

Situational Dynamics 48

Target-Selection Strategies 49

Sexual Assault Syndromes 50

Serial Sexual-Homicide Offenders 50

Child Molesters 52

Adolescent Sex Offenders 53

Date Rape and Intrafamilial Sexual Assault 53

Sexual Assault Prevention and Intervention Strategies 55

The Criminal Justice Response 55

Offender Rehabilitation and Therapy 56

Opportunity-Reduction Strategies 57

Summary 58

Chapter 5: Personal and Institutional Robbery 61

Definitions of Crime Types 61

Trends Over Time and Social Correlates 61

Offender Profile 63

Offense Specialization and Escalation 64

Planning and Spontaneity 64

Victim Profile 65

Situational Elements and Circumstances 67

The Motivation for Personal and Institutional Robbery ... ..... 68

The Victim-Offender Relationship 69

Situational Dynamics of Robbery Incidents 69

The Temporal Sequencing of Robbery Episodes 70

Target-Selection Strategies 71

Robbery Syndromes 72

Offender-Based Classifications 72

Bank Robbers 73

Convenience Store Robbers 73

Street Muggings 74

Home Invasion Robbery 75

Carjacking 76

Robbery Prevention and Intervention Strategies 77

The Criminal Justice Response 77

Social Welfare and Personal Betterment Programs 78

Opportunity-Reduction Strategies 78

Summary 79