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Contents
Section 1: Introduction to dyscalculia 1
1 Understanding dyscalcuiia 3
What is dyscalculia? 3
How common is dyscalculia? 4
Are dyscalculia and dyslexia the same thing? 5
What causes dyscalculia? 5
The brain and mathematics 6
Dyscalculia and number sense 6
Dyscalculia and visual spatial skills 7
Dyscalculia and language 8
Dyscalculia and memory 10
Dyscalculia and concentration 11
Dyscalculia, confidence and motivation 12
Identifying pupils with dyscalculia 12
Section 2: Effective teaching, effective learning 15
2 The biological basis of learning 17
How does the brain ‘learn’? 17
Pupils with dyscalculia 19
Teaching pupils with dyscalculia 20
Action plans for successful learning 21
3 Making mathematical connections 22
Seeing the world through mathematical eyes 22
Making a connection with previous learning 23
Pupils need to see the big picture 23
Multiple contexts enhance learning 24
Making sense of manipulatives 24
Generalizing learning 25
Parents are important teachers: help them to make the connections 26
Understanding the purpose of mathematics 26
Action plans for successful learning 27
4 Assessment 30
What is valued? 30
Let the errors tell the story 31
Don’t get caught not knowing 32
Pupils who evaluate their own learning know what counts 32
Action plans for successful learning 33