Contents
Acknowledgements viii
Contributors ix
Symbols and abbreviations xi
References xiii
1 Ultrasound i
2 Transthoracic examination 55
3 Transthoracic anatomy and pathology: valves 105
4 Transthoracic anatomy and pathology:
chambers and vessels i9i
5 Transoesophageal examination 343
6 Transoesophageal anatomy and pathology:
valves 417
7 Transoesophageal anatomy and pathology:
chambers and vessels 475
8 Intracardiac echocardiography 547
9 Contrast echocardiography 561
10 Stress echocardiography 587
11 Acute echocardiography 627
12 Reporting and normal ranges 649
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