Endodontology theory & practice for students

II. Endodontic Access Preparation - Access shape in relation

 

to orifice location 容2

 

A* Steps of access preparation  84

 

B. Objectives of access preparation 86

 

C. Speda! problems and considerations (errors

 

in access cavity preparation) 88

 

D. Guidelines for conservative access 89

 

E. Instruments used in access preparation 91

 

R Location of orifices 93

 

G. Difficulties of inadequate access preparation 98

 

Key points     99

 

Reference     贈

 

Chapter 3: Root canal preparation 1 ⑴

 

General objectives of root canal preparation 仙

 

Working length determination (WL) -

 

Types of root canal preparation techniques П0

 

Steps of successful root canal preparation П1

 

Step back technique ⑴

 

Balanced Force Technique 1 夏 5

 

Crown-down pressureless technique   Ш

 

INSTRUMENTS     119

 

I. General guidelines for using hand endodontic instruments ….119 П. General guidelines for using rotary MiTünstruments ，131

 

The ProTaper Universal system    U2

 

How to use ProTaper Universal endodontic files 134

 

Types of Protaper Endodontic Files

 

ProTaper shaping technique    138

 

ProTaper finishing criteria ⑷

 

ProTaper Benefits     ⑷

 

ProTaper System: Clinical protocol 143

 

“Waveone” techniques   146

 

III. General Guidelines for Using Ultrasonic/

 

Sonic Instruments 150

 

Differences 150

 

Endosonic Ultrasonic Synergistic System -

 

‘‘acoustic streaming" 151

 

Advantages/Disadvantages   151

 

Effectiveness 152

 

Endodontic tips 152

 

How to manage the curved canals? 159

 

How to locate the calcified root canals? 160

 

Key points   ^3

 

Reference 164