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Начало » Учебници втора ръка » Чуждестранна литература » Energy Security: An Interdisciplinary Approach, G. Bahgat
Energy Security: An Interdisciplinary Approach, G. Bahgat

Energy Security: An Interdisciplinary Approach, G. Bahgat

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Contents
About the Author ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
List of abbreviations XV
Glossary xix
1 Introduction .1
1.1 Energy Security • . 2
1.2 Diversification of Energy Mix • 3
1.2.1 ■ Oil . .,' 4
1:2.2 . Natural Gas ' 5
1.23 Coal 1
L2A Nuclear Power 8
1.2.5 Biofuels • 10
L2.6 Other Renewable Sources -11
7.2.7 Investment ' 13
1.2.8 Resource Nationalism . 14
1.2.9 Geo-policy ' 14
1.3 Conclusion* . 16
References 17
 
2 United States 21
2.1 Oil • 22
2.2 Natural Gas 26
2.3 Coal "29
2.4 Nuclear Power . 29
2.5 Ethanol .32
2.6 The Quest for an Energy Strategy 33
2.7 Conclusion: The Way Forward 、 36
References -37
3 European Union 41
ЗЛ The EU Energy Outlook 42
3.1.1 Oil 42
 
3丄2 Natural Gas 43
 
3.13 Coal 44
 
3.1.4 Nuclear Power 44
 
3.1.5 Renewable Sources 46
 
Russia 48
 
Central Asia/Caspian Sea Region 5〇
 
Mediterranean Sea 52
 
The Gulf Cooperation Council 53
 
Turkey 53
 
Conclusion: The Way Ahead 54
 
References 55
 
China 59
 
Regulatory Authority 60
 
Oil 62
 
4.2.1 Imports from the Middle East 63
 
4.2.2 Africa .66
 
4.2.3 Cenimi Asia 68
 
4.2.4 Refining 7〇
 
4.2.5 Shippitig . 71
 
4.2.6 Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) 71
 
Coal . 72
 
Natural Gas 73
 
Nuclear Power 73
 
Renewable Energy 74
 
Overseas Exploration and Production * 74
 
Conclusion- 75
 
References 76
 
Persian Gulf 79
 
Socio-economic and Political Challenges 80
 
5.7,/ International Sanctions * 82
 
5.7.2 Wars and Ethnic/Sectarian Strife 82
 
5.1.3 Terrorism 83
 
• 5.L4 Closure of Straits of Hormuz 83
 
5.1.5 Domestic Instability 83
 
5.1.6 Underinvestment ' 34
 
Saudi Arabia 84
 
Iran 93
 
.Iraq 101
 
Conclusion: The Way Forward ]〇g
 
References • 1 〇6
 
Africa in
 
Algeria . 113
6.2 Libya
 
6.3 Egypt
 
6.4 Sudan
 
6.5 Angola
 
6.6 Nigeria
 
6.7 United States and Africa
 
6.8 Europe and Africa
 
6.9 Conclusion: The Way Ahead References
 
7 Caspian Sea
 
7.1 Hydrocarbon Resources - An Assessment 7.7.7 Azerbaijan
 
7.1.2 Kazakhstan
 
7.1.3 Turkmenistan
 
7.2 The Legal Status of the Caspian Sea
 
7.2.1 Azerbaijan
 
7.2.2 Kazakhstan
 
7.2.3 Russia
 
7.2.4 Turkmenistan •
 
7.2.5 Iran
 
7.3 Geopolitical Rivalry and Pipeline Diplomacy '73. h Iran
 
73.2 Russia
 
7.3.3 China
 
7.3.4 Europe and the United States
 
7.4 Conclusion: The Way Forward . ^
 
References *
 
8 Russia
 
8.1 Oil Sector
 
8.2 Natural Gas
 
8.3 The Energy Strategy-2030
 
8.3.1 Oil Sector
 
8.3.2 Gas Sector
 
8.4 The Arctic Hydrocarbons
 
8.5 Russia—EU Energy Partnership •
 
8.6 Russia, the Middle East, and OPEC
 
8.7 Energy Sector Organization
 
8.8 Conclusion: The Way Forward References
 
9 OPEC and Gas OPEC
 
9.1 OPEC; History and Evolution
 
9.2 OPEC: Objectives, Membership, and Organization
 
9.3 OPEC Summits
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