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First Certificate Language Practice: English Grammar and Vocabulary

Сумата се прибавя директно в кошницата

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Contents
Introduction
Grammar 1 Past time
1
Past simple, past continuous, past perfect, used to, would, participle clauses
Grammar 2 Present perfect

Present perfect simple and continuous, past simple
7
Grammar 3 Future time
15
Will, going to, future continuous, future perfect, future time clauses, present continuous, present simple
Grammar 4 Present time

Present simple, present continuous
20
CONSOLIDATION 1
25
Grammar 6 Indirect speech
30
With and without tense changes, questions, commands and requests, reporting verbs, paraphrase
Grammar 7 Conditionals
Real/likely situations (first conditional) with if, unless, provided, as long as, the imperative, should

Unreal/imaginary situations (second conditional) with if were, were to Unreal/imaginary past situations (third conditional) with if mixed conditions Other if sentences
38
Grammar 8 Wishes and related forms
44
Wishes about the present and past, wishes about the future with could and have to, wishes with would, wishes with if only, it’s time, I'd rather, suppose, imagine
Grammar 9 Passives
50
Transitive and intransitive verbs, focus on important information, reporting verbs, have/get something done, needs doing, verbs and prepositions, other problems
CONSOLIDATION 2
Grammar 11
57
Relative clauses
62
Subject and object clauses, combining sentences, defining and non-defining clauses, omitting the relative pronoun which, who, that, whom, whose

Grammar 12 Prepositions 69

Movement, position and place, problems of use, prepositions without an object, prepositions with more than one word, prepositional phrases

Grammar 13 Linking words 1 75

Purpose: so that, infinitive of purpose, in order to, so as to, for Result: so/such a, so many/much/few/little, too/not enough + to Contrast: although, though, even though, while, whereas, however, nevertheless, despite, in spite of

Grammar 14 Time expressions 81

Present time: nowadays, these days

Future time: in, calendar references, at the end, in the end, at last, presently Past time: once, periods of the day, calendar references, in those days, at that time, after, later, afterwards, other problems

CONSOLIDATION 3

Grammar 16 Modal verbs: present and future 92

Ability: can, be able to

Certainty and uncertainty: must, can't, may, might, could, should, ought to, be bound to

Obligation: must, have to, mustn't, don't have to, should, ought to, had better, is/are to

Grammar 17 Modal verbs: past 98

Ability: could, was able to

Certainty and uncertainty: must have, can’t have, may have, might have, could have, was/were to have

Obligation: had to, should have, ought to have, needn't have, didn't need to Pronunciation and writing, indirect speech

Grammar 18 Functions 1 105

Asking for and giving advice, agreeing and disagreeing, apologising, complaining, ending a conversation, asking for and giving directions, greeting, asking how someone is, asking for information, introducing yourself and others, inviting, accepting and declining invitations, offering something, offering to do something

Grammar 19 Functions 2 109

Things to say on special occasions or at special moments, asking for and giving an opinion, pausing to think, asking for permission, giving and refusing permission, expressing preferences, promising, reassuring, recommending, refusing to do something, making and responding to a request, suggesting, thanking

Grammar 22

Grammar 23 Grammar 24

Grammar 26

Grammar 27

Grammar 28

Articles 125

Indefinite article (a/an), definite article (the), zero article (no article)

All, no, none, each, every, either, neither 132

Making comparisons 139

Forming comparative adjectives, irregular comparatives, superlatives, comparatives of adverbs, making comparisons, comparative clauses

CONSOLIDATION 5 146

Phrasal verbs 1 150

Understanding phrasal verbs, verbs with two particles, verbs with one particle: transitive and inseparable

Phrasal verbs 2 157

Verbs with one particle: transitive and separable, verbs with one particle: intransitive

Verbs followed by -ing or infinitive 164

Verbs followed by -ing or a noun, verbs followed by -ing or a noun or a that-clause, verbs followed by -ing or infinitive: little change of meaning,

verbs followed by -ing or infinitive: change of meaning, verbs followed by the infinitive, verbs followed by the infinitive or a that-clause, verbs followed

Grammar 29

Grammar 31

Grammar 32

by -ing or infinitive without to

Verb/Adjective + preposition * 170

CONSOLIDATION 6 176

Inversion and question tags 181

Inversion after negative adverbs, inversion to emphasize an adverb, question tags

Linking words 2 186

Reason: because, as, since, because of, on account of, due to, owing to

Grammar 33

Grammar 34

Text organisers: sequencing, adding, giving opinions, giving examples, showing a result, making a contrast, summarizing

Pronouns 190

It and there, it and adjectives, one, someone, everyone, anyone, somewhere, what as a pronoun, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, why ever, however, reflexive pronouns, possessives: parts of the body

Spelling and pronunciation 196

Spelling problems, spelling and pronunciation