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Handbook of oral medicine 2017

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Описание

NORMAL ANATOMY OF THE ORAL CAVITY

Vestibule 2

Oropharynx 3

Palatine tonsils 4

Retromolar trigon 4

Oral mucosa 6

Tonsillar crypts 7

Histological characteristic 8

Tongue 9

Walderlayer ring 10

Taste buds 1 0

Floor of mouth 12

Palate 13

Innervation 15

Muscles 16

Salivary glands 18

Lymphatic system 19

VARIANTS OF BENIGN CONDITIONS 21

Pigmentation 21

Fordyce granules 22

Lingual tonsil 23

Fissured tongue 24

Geographic tongue 24

Rhomboid glossitis 26

Fibroma 28

Papillary hyperplasia 29

Tori and exostoses 31

Ankyloglossia 32

GENERAL EXAMINATION AND 36

DIAGNOSTIC

TESTS

General examination 36

Hands 36

Nails 37

Head and neck 38

Biopsy 40

Microbiology 41

Blood tests .45

Autoantibodies 58

Bleeding Tendencies 59

PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF 60

TREATMENT IN THE ORAL CAVITY AND ORAL MUCOSA

Oral Mucosa Structure 61

Permeability 62

Saliva 63

Drug Absorption 63

Sublingual / buccal mucosa 65

IMPORTANT DRUG INTERACTIONS IN 67

DENTAL MEDICINE

Drug intolerance 67

Hyposalivation 68

Lichenoid reaction 69

Fixed drug eruptions 71

Aphthous-like uicers 72

Bullous disorders 74

Erythema multiforme 74

Steven-Johnson syndrome 75

Pigmentation 76

Fibrovascular hyperplasia 78

Dysesthesias 79

Hyperplasia 80

Osteonecrosis 80

Angioedema 81

Malignancy 82

BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME

Diagnosis

Treatment

.90

LYMPHADENQPATY AND ORAL CANCER

Difference between inflammatory and

malignant nodes

Causes of cervical lymph node

enlargement

ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Oral cancer — pathogenesis Grades of carcinoma Management of oral cancer

RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES ASTHMA

Medical aspects Medical management Dental aspects

Management of potential problems Oral complications and manifestations FEATURES OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION Dental aspects BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Medical management Dental aspects

Oral complications and manifestations TUBERCULOSIS

Signs and symptoms Medical management Dental management — Medical considerations Dental aspects TB lymphadenitis

LUNG CANCER *

Clinical features Dental aspects Lung transplantation

DISEASES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR 161 SYSTEM

The cardiovascular system 161

HYPERTENSION 161

Risk factors modifying hypertension 163

Features of advanced hypertension 165

Dental aspects of hypertension 166

Adrenergic receptors — alpha and beta 166

Use of vasoconstrictors 167

Drug interactions between 170

vasoconstrictors and antihypertensives HYPOTENSION 173

ATHEROSCLEROSIS 174

Clinical features 176

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE 177

Angina pectoris 178

Myocardial infarction 180

Dental aspects 181

Coronary artery disease— oral health 183

General precautions regarding dental 184

procedures

Drug therapy of patients with angina 185

pectoris

ARRHYTHMIA 186

Signs and symptoms 187

Patient management 188

Drugs used in the treatment of patients 193

with arrhythmia

Cardiac pacemakers 194

Dental aspects 194

ENDOCARDITIS LENTA 196

Microbes 197

Dental aspects 199

Antibiotic prophylaxis 201

HEART FAILURE 204

Signs of heart failure 205

Oral health considerations 207

Drugs in heart failure 208

Anticoagulation therapy and dental care 213

Protocols in elevated INR 215

GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES 221

DISEASES OF THE UPPER DIGESTIVE 221

TRACT

Reflux esophagitis, gastro-esophageal 221

reflux disease (GERD)

Dental aspects 223

Hiatal hernias 225

Plummer-Vinson syndrome 226

Esophageal cancer 227

DISEASES OF THE LOWER DIGESTIVE 229 TRACT

Disorders of the stomach 229

Peptic ulcer 230

Disorders of the intestines 231

Duodenal ulcer disease 234

Dental aspects 235

Gastric cancer 240

Dental aspects 241

Oral helicobacter pylori 243

Coeliac disease 244

Dental aspects 245

Inflammatory bowel disease 246

Ulcerative colitis 247

Dental aspects 248

Crohn's disease 250

Dental aspects 251

IBD — dental aspects 252

DISEASES OF THE HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM

DISEASES OF THE PANCREAS

Acute pancreatitis Chronic pancreatitis LIVER DISEASES Hepatitis >

Special hazards to dental staff from HBV HBV. Clinical aspects. Laboratory test Risks to dental staff Transmission of HBV

Prevention and management of HBV 263

Hepatitis C 264

Differences between hepatitis C and B 265

Hepatitis C and B in the oral cavity 266

Recommendations to dental practitioners 267

ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE 269

Alcoholic hepatitis 269

Alcoholic liver cirrhosis 271

Potential problems related to dental care 271

Dental aspects 273

ENDOCRINE DISEASES 278

DIABETES MELLITUS 278

Diagnosis 283

Oral manifestations 285

Specific management 288

Managing emergencies in the dental office 292 THYROID DISEASE 294

Hyperthyroidism 294

Dental treatment 295

Hypothyroidism 297

Typical features of cretinism 298

Adult hypothyroidism 298

Dental aspects 299

Dental management 301

Investigation of the thyroid gland 302

Thyroid cancer 304

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis 304

ADRENOCORTICAL DISEASES 306

PARATHYROID GLAND 306

Addison's disease 307

Oral manifestations 308

Hypercortisolism 310

Corticosteroid treatment 311

Oral manifestations 312

Managing a patient on steroids 313

OBESITY 314

HEMATOLOGY 320

DISORDERS OF THE RED BLOOD 320

CELLS

Anemia definition 320

Etiology and anamnesis 321

Anemias — causes 321

Iron deficiency anemia 322

Folate deficiency and pernicious anemia 323

Hemolytic anemia 325

Anemia and systemic reasons 327

General clinical features of anemia 328

Features of anemia important in dentistry 329

The thalassemias 332

Dental management of a patient with 333

anemia

DISORDERS OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS LEUKAEMIA

Classification of leukemia

Clinical symptoms in leukemia

Laboratory findings in leukemia

Comparison of acute and chronic

leukemias

Medical aspects

Oral manifestations of leukemia

Acute lleukemia — dental aspects

Chronic leukemia — dental aspects

Leukemia — management

Dental management of a leukemic patient

LYMPHOMAS

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas

Hodgkin's disease

Oral complications and manifestations Nasopharyngeal lymphomas ■*

Burkitt's lymphoma

и™1 Burkitt's lymphoma — dental aspects ^ MULTIPLE MYELOMA

Multiple myeloma — oral complications

LEUCOPEN1A AND 366

AGRANULOCYTOSIS

Aplastic anemia 367

Leukopenia 368

MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH 372

HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES

Bleeding disorder 379

Screening tests 383

COAGULATION DISORDERS 385

Hemophilia A 385

Hemophilia B 386

Platelet disorders 387

Important causes of coagulation defects 390

Dental management 390

Detection of a patient who is a “bleeder” 394

RENAL DISEASES 404

Major functions of the kidneys 404

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) 405

Renal failure 406

Clinical features of chronic renal failure 407

Dialysis 411

Nephrotoxic drugs 413

Aspects of renal disease affecting dental 415

management

Oral and radiographic manifestations of 419

renal disease and dialysis

Pre-treatment monitoring 423

Patient receiving dialysis 425

Oral complications and manifestations 427

RHEUMATOLOGY 433

RICKETS 433

Dental aspects 435

General management 436

Osteoarthritis 436