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Handbook of Pediatric Dentistry third edition

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9.50лв

Описание

Contents

Child assessment 1

What is paediatric dentistry? 1

Patient assessment 2

Definitive diagnosis 6

Assessment of disease risk 6

Treatment plan 7

Clinical conduct 7

Child management 9

Behaviour management 9

Referring for possible mental health evaluation and care 17

Pain management for children 19

Local anaesthesia 23

Sedation in paediatric dentistry 25

General anaesthesia 31

References and further reading 36

Dental caries 39

Factors influencing dental caries 39

The caries process 41

Caries detection 42

Preventing dental caries 43

Determining patients at risk of dental caries 45

Early childhood caries 49

References and further reading 51

Fluoride modalities 53

Introduction - 53

New guidelines for use of fluoride modalities 53

Mechanisms of action of fluoride 54

Community water fluoridation 54

Bottled and filtered waters . 55

Home water fluoridation 55

Dental fluorosis 56

Topical fluorides 59

Systemic fluorides 64

Considerations in fluoride therapy for infants and children 64

Recommended schedules for topical fluoridation 65

Fluoride toxicity 66

References and further reading 69

Useful websites 69

5 Restorative paediatric dentistry

Primary teeth

Restorative materials

Restoration of primary anterior teeth

Restoration of primary posterior teeth

Minimal intervention dentistry

Management of occlusal caries in permanent teeth

New techniques for tooth preparation

Indications for the use of restorative materials in

paediatric dentistry

References and further reading

6 Pulp therapy for primary and immature permanent teeth

Introduction

Clinical assessment and general considerations

Factors in treatment planning

Pulp capping

Pulpotomy

Pulpectomy

References and further reading

Trauma management

Introduction |

Guidelines for management of dental'injuries

Aetiology

Child abuse

History

Examination

Investigations

Other considerations in trauma management Maxillofacial injuries

Sequelae of fractures of the jaws in children

Luxations in the primary dentition 129

Crown and root fractures of permanent incisors 136

Root fractures 142

Crown/root fractures . 143

Luxations in the permanent dentition 145

Avulsion of permanent teeth 150

Complications in endodontic management of avuised teeth 154

Autotransplantation 157

Bleaching of non-vital incisors 159

Soft-tissue injuries 161

Prevention 163

References and further reading 166

Paediatric oral medicine and pathology 169

introduction 169

Orofacial infections 169

Ulcerative and vesicuiobullous lesions 177

Pigmented, vascular and red lesions 187

Epulides and exophytic lesions 194

Gingival enlargements (overgrowth) 197

Premature exfoliation of primary teeth 199

Oral pathology in the newborn infant 208

Diseases of salivary glands 210

References and further reading 214

Dental anomalies 217

Introduction 217

Considerations in the management of dental anomalies 217

Dental anomalies at different stages of dental development 218

Formation of dental lamina 219

Disorders of proliferation 227

Abnormalities of morphology 236

Developmental defects of enamel 246

Molar-incisor hypomineralization 252

Amelogenesis imperfecta 254

Disorders of dentine 261

Dental effects of prematurity and low birth weight ^ 267

Disorders of eruption , - л - 268

Loss of tooth structure 273

References and further reading 275

Medically compromised children 279

Introduction 279

Cardiology 279

Haematology 282

Red cell disorders 289

Immunodeficiency 291

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/HIV 293

Oncology 296

Nephrology 306

Gastroenterology 309

Endocrinology 312

Neurology 318

Respiratory disease 322

Other children with special needs 324

Oro-motor dysfunction in patients with

developmental disabilities 329

Genetics and dysmorphology 332

References and further reading 338

11 Orthodontic diagnosis and treatment in

the mixed dentition 341

Introduction 341

Orthodontic assessment 341

Orthodontic examination 343

Evaluation of crowding 346

Crowding and space management in the mixed dentition 347

Regaining space 350

Timed extraction of teeth to resolve intra-arch crowding 351

Spacing 352

Management of missing teeth 352

Orthodontic aspects of supernumerary teeth ' 354

Extraction of over-retained primary teeth 355

Ectopic eruption of permanent canines 356

Ectopic eruption of first permanent molars 356

Extraction of first permanent molars 357

Basic requirements of orthodontic appliances 359

Removable appliances 359

Treatment of anterior crossbites 362

Treatment of posterior crossbites 364

Habits: digit sucking 368

Correction of developing Class II skeletal malocclusions 370

References and further reading 375

12 Management of deft lip and palate 379

Introduction 379

The anatomy of the facial skeleton in cleft lip and palate 380

Current concepts of cleft management 384

Cleft management in the neonatal period 387

Cleft management in childhood 390

Cleft management in adolescence and early adulthood 393

Importance of dental care in overall management 394

References and further reading 398

13 Speech, language and swallowing 401

Introduction 401

Communication disorders 401

Structural anomalies and their relationship to speech production and eating and drinking 405

Maxillofacial surgery and its relation to speech production 409

Referral to a speech pathologist 409

References and further reading 411

Appendices 413

Appendix A: Normal values in blood chemistry 413

Appendix B: Fluid and electrolyte balance 417

Appendix C: Management of anaphylaxis 422

Appendix D: Management of acute asthma 425

Appendix E: Antibiotic prophylaxis protocols for the

prevention of infective endocarditis 428

Appendix F: Vaccination schedules 432

Appendix G: Isolation and exclusion from school for

childhood infectious diseases 433

Appendix FI: Somatic growth and maturity 434

Appendix I: Growth charts 438

Appendix J: Differential diagnosis of radiographic

pathology in children 444

Appendix K: Piaget's four stages of intellectual development 446

Appendix L: Glasgow Coma Scale 447

Appendix M: Common drug.usage in paediatric dentistry 448

Appendix N: Eruption dates of teeth ' 453

Appendix O: Construction of family pedigrees 456