Hepatology 8th edition 2017

Table of Contents

1. Hepatitis A 31

 

Sven Pischkeand Heiner Wedemeyer

 

The virus 31

 

Epidemiology 31

 

Transmission 32

 

Clinical course 33

 

Extrahepatie manifestations 35

 

Diagnosis 35

 

Treatment and prognosis 36

 

References 37

 

2. Hepatitis B 39

 

Raphael Mohr, Christoph Boesecke and Jan-Christian Wasmuth Introduction 39

 

Transmission 40

 

Sexual transmission 40

 

Percutaneous inoculation 41

 

Perinatal transmission 41

 

Horizontal transmission 42

 

Blood transfusion 43

 

Nosocomial infection 43

 

Organ transplantation 44

 

Postexposure prophylaxis 45

 

Natural history and clinical manifestations 45

 

Acute hepatitis 45

 

Chronic hepatitis 47

 

Prognosis and survival 49

 

Extrahepatie manifestations 51

 

References 51

 

3. Hepatitis C 55

 

Christoph Boesecke and fan- Christian Wasmuth

 

Epidemiology 55

 

Transmission - 56

 

. Injection drug use 56

 

Blood transfusion 56

 

Organ transplantation 57

 

Sexual or household contact 57

 

« Perinatal transmission 58

Hemodialysis 58

 

Other rare transmission routes 59

 

Needle stick injury 59

 

Clinical manifestations 59

 

Acute HCV 59

 

Chronic HCV 5o

 

Extrahepatic manifestations 61

 

Natural history 62

 

Cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation 62

 

Disease progression 63

 

References 56

 

4- Hepatitis E: a relevant disease with many aspects 69

 

Sven Pischkc and Heiner Wedcmcyer

 

Introduction 69

 

Genetic characteristics of HEV 7o

 

Hepatitis E diagnosis jj

 

Global distribution of HEV infections 72

 

Transmission of HEV 7^

 

Acute HEV in immunocompetent individuals 75

 

Acute and chronic HEV in organ transplant recipients 75.

 

HEV in patients living with HIV or other immunological deficiencies 77 Extrahepatic manifestations of HEV 77

 

Treatment of chronic HEV 78

 

Vaccination jg

 

Conclusions and recommendations go

 

References . 8l

 

§. HBV virology

 

Maura Dandri, Jorg Petersen Introduction

 

Taxonomic classification and genotypes 86

 

HBV structure and genomic organisation 86

 

HBV structural and non-structural proteins 89

 

The HBV replication cycle 92

 

Animal models of HBV infection 99

 

References I02 6

6. HCV virology

 

Bernd Kupfer

 

History ioj

 

Taxonomy and genotypes

 

Viral structure