How to read pediatric ecgs - third edition

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Описание

Contents

PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION . .........

PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION . .. .

PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION

LIST OF FREQUENTLY USED ABBREVIATIONS

1 / Basic Measurements l

Heart Rate . 2

Determination of Intervals and Durations .5

Determination of Amplitude 6

The R/S Ratio. .7

The QRS Axis . . .7

The P Axis and T Axis 21

The QRS-T Angle .23

Horizontal Reference System 23

Morphology of ECG Deflections. 28

Review Questions 29

2 / Normal Electrocardiograms 32

Age-Related Changes in ECG 32

Normal ECG Tracings 34

Review Questions 41

3 / Normal ECG Values and Deviations From Normal . 42

Heart Rate 42

Rhythm . 43

P Wave 43

PR Interval 44

QRS Complex 45

ST Segment;. 51

T Wave 52

QRS-T Angle 53

QT Interval 54

Review Questions . . . . .55

4 / Hypertrophy .56

Atrial Hypertrophy. 56

Ventricular Hypertrophy 61

Review Questions 74

Normal Ventricular Depolarization 76

Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB) 77

Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) 83

Hemiblocks or Fascicular Blocks 85

Intraventricular Block 86

Implanted Ventricular Pacemaker . 88

Preexcitation 90

Review Questions 95

6 / Changes in ST Segment and T Wave 97

Nonpathologic ST Segment Shift 97

Pathologic ST-T Changes .99

Review Questions .109

7 / Arrhythmias HO

Mechanisms of Abnormal P Wave and QRS Complex Hi

Basic Arrhythmias Л-13

Disturbances of AV Conduction 126

Review Questions 129

8 / Chamber Localization 131

Locating the Atria and Ventricles 131

Locating Abnormal Chambers .132

Review Questions 138

9 / Systematic Approach 139

10 / Analysis of Arrhythmias and Atrioventricular

Conduction Disturbances . . . .180

APPENDIX . .228

How to Avoid Common Errors and Artifacts in Recording 228

Classification of Congenital Heart Disease According to

ECG anS Clinical and Physiologic Status 234

Tables of Normal Values 236

ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS 238

INDEX 241